Notable case, Sabiñánigo, Aragón (Huesca), Spain
Sabiñánigo (Inquinosa lindane, Bailín and Sardas landfills)
Between 1975 and 1988 the Inquinosa factory made lindane at Sabiñánigo, in the Aragonese Pyrenees, and dumped more than a hundred thousand tonnes of HCH isomers in unlined landfills. It is one of Europe's most serious cases of contamination by pesticide residues.
At a glance
- Status
- Remediation under way
- Activity
- 1975–1988
- Media
- soil, groundwater, surface water, sediment, living organisms
- Kind of site
- agrochemicals, chemical works, landfill
Contaminants
Status
Remediation under way
In 2014 the Bailín waste was moved to a new lined landfill next to the old one; the operation increased emissions to the Gállego river. The dense liquid is pumped out and treated; the EU projects Discovered Life and LIFE SURFING have tested in-situ chemical oxidation and surfactants in the fractured aquifer.
Story
Every tonne of lindane leaves 8 to 12 tonnes of other hexachlorocyclohexane isomers with no commercial value. Inquinosa generated, depending on the source, between 115,000 tonnes and 177,000 m³: about 6,800 tonnes a year of solid residue and 300 to 500 of liquid residue. They went to the Sardas and Bailín landfills, onto the factory site itself and to other scattered spots.
Under the landfills a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) has formed, made of HCH isomers, benzene, chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols, which sinks into the fractured rock and contaminates the aquifers. A sandstone layer connects the old Bailín landfill to the Gállego river; the contaminants build up in the sludge of the Sabiñánigo reservoir and in fish.
In 2003 the Huesca provincial court ordered Inquinosa to pay for the environmental damage. In 2013 the LindaNO citizens' movement was formed.
Timeline
- 1975Inquinosa starts making lindane.
- 1988Production ends.
- 2003The Huesca court rules against Inquinosa.
- 2014The Bailín waste is moved to the new landfill; emissions to the Gállego rise.
Remediation
- 2014relocation to lined landfillTransfer of the Bailín waste to a new lined cell.
- 2015in-situ chemical oxidation (pilot)Discovered Life demonstration project: in-situ chemical oxidation of dense contaminants in the Bailín aquifer.
From the literature
Species that acted on one of this site's contaminants in at least one study. The list is automatic and takes no account of this site's soil, concentrations or climate.
Fungi
- Phanerochaete chrysosporiumPhenols and chlorophenolsHexachlorocyclohexane (lindane)Evidence: field
- Trametes versicolorTurkey tailPhenols and chlorophenolsEvidence: field
- Scedosporium apiospermumBTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes)Phenols and chlorophenolsEvidence: laboratory
- Bjerkandera adustaSmoky bracketHexachlorocyclohexane (lindane)Evidence: laboratory
- Lentinula edodesShiitakePhenols and chlorophenolsEvidence: laboratory
- Pleurotus pulmonariusPhoenix oyster, Indian oysterPhenols and chlorophenolsEvidence: laboratory
Nearby
Sources
- El lindano en la cuenca del río Gállego: propuestas de futuro. Informe sobre la situación del medio ambiente en Aragón 2015, Consejo de Protección de la Naturaleza de Aragón / Gobierno de Aragón, 2015
- Lindano, Wikipedia (es), 2026
Draft compiled from public sources, not yet reviewed.